Currency:
IISD, 2023. Includes only central government policies and state-level electricity price subsidies. See 'About' for more information.
Mechanisms:
Beneficiaries:
Policies
Currency:
IISD, 2023. Includes only central government policies and state-level electricity price subsidies. See 'About' for more information.
Mechanisms:
Beneficiaries:
The graphs above only show data for subsidy policies that could be quantified with access to public data. We also identified a number of subsidies that could not be quantified, due to a lack of data. For coal, this included: low-interest-rate loans for coal power plants; exemption of customs duty on coal mining equipment; income tax exemption for the generation of power; concessional rates for long-distance railway freight; revenue foregone from coal distribution through the Memorandum of Understanding route; compensation for land acquired for coal mining; a lack of coal sector regulator; non-competitive pricing of coal; and non-incurrence of costs for setup of pollution control technologies due to non-compliance of air pollution limits.