Impartiality

Toward a Code of Conduct for Investment Adjudicators: Can ethical standards salvage ISDS?

The idea of entrusting party-appointed arbitrators with powers to decide investor–state disputes through final and binding awards, inherited from commercial arbitration and traditionally accepted as appropriate, now causes discomfort among critics.

The Independence and Impartiality of ICSID Arbitrators: Current case law, alternative approaches, and improvement suggestions

The author explores how unbiased decision-making is ensured under the ICSID Convention.