Securing India's Copper Supply

India's economic growth sprint sets the stage to deliberate and forge a comprehensive copper strategy within its overall critical mineral policy. With the intent of providing a starting point for this strategy, this policy brief focuses on the rationale, objectives, and actions needed to secure India’s copper supply.

This policy brief emphasizes the need for India to develop a comprehensive copper strategy. We recommend the following policy options to secure India’s copper supply:

1. Secure and diversify India’s primary copper supply: Diversify and forge strategic partnerships with key copper ore and concentrate supplier countries, such as Chile, Peru, Australia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia, amid rising geopolitical risks while supporting exploration and sustainable mining domestically.
2. Evaluate the need for trade reforms to promote the extent of domestic value addition: Urgently conduct a full assessment of the impact of India’s trade agreements with its major trade partners for copper products, including the need to extend countervailing duties that are set to expire starting in 2025. Also, assess the costs and benefits of reducing the custom duty on copper ore and concentrate to support the domestic smelting and refining industry and encourage domestic value addition.
3. Incentivize the domestic copper smelting, refining, and fabrication industry to meet circularity goals: Incentivize domestic copper smelters, refiners, and fabricators through capital or production-linked incentives while linking incentives to targets on material efficiency, recently issued copper quality standards, and circularity to better utilize scrap available in the country.
4. Rationalize the Goods and Services Tax structure for copper scrap: Rationalize the Goods and Services Tax structure on copper scrap by lowering the rate or bringing it under the Reverse Charge Mechanism to incentivize tax compliance within the recycling industry and support the formalization of the unorganized scrap sector.